Indeed, as extensively reviewed by Felderhoff-Mueser and colleagues [82], experimental and clinical studies suggest that binding of IL-18 occurs in several neuroinflammatory associated pathological conditions including microbial infections, focal cerebral ischemia, Wallerian degeneration and hypoxic-ischemic, hyperoxic and traumatic brain injuries (e.g., stroke). The gene discussed is IL18; the disease is Stroke.