Within the 40 latently infected, samples from the 23 subjects with concurrent H. pylori infection had higher summary measures of Th-1-type (IFN-γ, IL2, TNF-α, CXCL-10) cytokine responses to TB antigens (p = 0.03, Wilcoxon) than did the 17 H. Here, NELFCD is linked to tuberculosis.