VCAM1 and endothelial dysfunction: VCAM-1 and E-selectin, markers for vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, responded rapidly to HFD feeding and reached maximal plasma levels within 3 weeks: VCAM-1 increased from 2.5±0.1 μg/mL at t = 0 to 3.4±0.2 μg/mL in week 3 and E-selectin rose from 132±7 ng/mL at t = 0 to 158±6 ng/mL in week 3.