PARP2 and breast carcinoma: To assess the level of DNA damage in cohesion mutants, we compared the expression levels of the marker genes coding for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 2 (PARP2), breast cancer (BRCA), and B-type cyclin 1 (CYCB1;1) by real-time reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR in wild-type versus etg1-1, ctf18-1, and etg1-1 ctf18-1 mutant plants.