TNF and bone cancer: The bone cancer pain group also showed significant up-regulation proinflammatory cytokines mRNA (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and INF-β) (n = 4, ANOVA1w, P < 0.01, post hoc Dunnett testing), starting at day six after inoculation for IL-1β and TNF-α (P < 0.05), and starting at day 12 after inoculation for IL-6 and INF-β (P < 0.01) (Fig. 3).