We have shown a crosstalk of the Hh pathway with the nuclear factor κ-B pathway in pancreatic cancer (Nakashima et al, 2006), the Wnt pathway in colonic and gastric cancer (Akiyoshi et al, 2008; Yanai et al, 2008) and the ERα pathway in breast cancer (Koga et al, 2008). This evidence concerns the gene ESR1 and breast cancer.