Two recent smaller studies in individuals with diabetes showed a relation between inflammatory markers and CKD, though in neither study was there a significant association with CRP[20,21] In the Cardiovascular Health Study, a community-based cohort of elderly individuals, CRP and other markers of systemic inflammation remained associated with a rise in creatinine after adjusting for multiple clinical risk factors including race (follow up period of nine years for the original cohort and four years for the more recently recruited African American cohort). The gene discussed is CRP; the disease is chronic kidney disease.