VEGFA and breast carcinoma: In mouse embryo fibroblasts and human vascular smooth muscle cells 1,25(OH)2D induces VEGFA expression through a VDRE in its promoter [34], yet 1,25(OH)2D can also suppress VEGF-induced vasculogenesis in cultured endothelial cells and in nude mice implanted with MCF-7 breast cancer cells [35].