We have recently shown that inactivation of GSK-3ß with lithium chloride (LiCl) and SB216763 results in MTC differentiation and cell growth inhibition; likewise, these small molecules have been shown to be associated with a significant decrease in NE markers such as human achaete-scute complex-like l (ASCL1) and chromogranin A (CgA) in cultured MTC cells [30]. The gene discussed is ASCL1; the disease is medullary thyroid gland carcinoma.