Furthermore, certain genes that we found prognostic of recurrence, which were not validated in the Minnesota cohort, have previously been linked to prostate cancer progression, such as mucin 1 (Cozzi et al, 2005), which has also been proposed as a candidate for targeted therapy (Li and Cozzi, 2007), and may warrant further consideration as a prognostic biomarker. Here, MUC1 is linked to Familial prostate cancer.