TMPRSS2 and neoplasm: As previously reported, patients with TMPRSS2–ERG fusion-positive tumours had a significantly higher expression of ERG transcripts (Figure 1B, P-value 3.48 × 10−11, two-sided Student's t-test), which is most likely a result of androgen-responsive promoter elements in TMPRSS2 driving expression (Tomlins et al, 2005).