INS and cardiac hypertrophy: In vivo administration of the antioxidant tempol (1 mmol/l in drinking water) for a period of 4-weeks to mice rendered insulin-resistant by deficiency of the insulin-sensitive GLUT4 transporter significantly and potently attenuated cardiac hypertrophy in concert with tempol up-regulated ventricular expression of thioredoxin-2 (confirming an antioxidant action) [101].