INS and Insulin resistance: Similarly, the roles of toll-like receptors, CD14, and rho kinases in regulating insulin signaling and establishment of insulin resistance in response to chronic low-grade inflammation are well documented (Begum et al. 2002; Cani et al. 2007; Furukawa et al. 2005; Petersen et al. 2008; Tzivion et al. 2001).