Therefore, we evaluated the potential neuroprotective action of the natural estrogen E2 and two synthetic estrogenic compounds that do not bind ER-α or ER-β, STX and G1 (see Figure 1 for structures of these compounds), when administered to ovariohysterectomized (OVX) young or middle aged-female rats as a single injection immediately after ischemia. The gene discussed is ESR1; the disease is ischemia.