Similar to IL-6, elevated levels of fibrinogen have been shown to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (Fibrinogen Studies Collaboration 2005; Kannel et al. 1987) and have also been hypothesized to be associated with air pollution (Chuang et al. 2007; Pekkanen et al. 2000; Rückerl et al. 2007; Seaton et al. 1999; Steinvil et al. 2008). This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and cardiovascular disorder.