Therefore, we supplemented MSI analyses with the BRAF mutation and methylation analyses of MMR genes, and used a combination of these three molecular tests to discriminate colorectal tumours that are likely to be associated with LS from tumours that are not likely to be associated with LS (Deng et al, 2004; Domingo et al, 2004; Koinuma et al, 2004; Vasen et al, 2007). This evidence concerns the gene BRAF and neoplasm.