RPS3 and infection: To extend our findings and to confirm that that activity of NleH1 is restricted to specific RPS3/NF-κB promoters, we performed RT-PCR to assess NleH regulation of several genes (IL-8, NFKBIA [42], and TNFIAP3 [43]) that are important to the innate response to infection and whose transcription is altered by rps3 knockdown [18].