Genetic studies in mice suggest that at least four inflammasomes of distinct composition are formed in vivo in a stimulus-dependent manner (Figure 1): the IPAF inflammasome [3]–[5], the NALP1 inflammasome [6], the Cryopyrin/NALP3 inflammasome [7]–[9], and a fourth inflammasome triggered by Francisella tularensis infection [8],[10]. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and tularemia.