TGFB1 and cardiac hypertrophy: In the present study, we investigated, in mice subjected to aortic arch constriction and in patients with severe valvular AS, the contribution of TGF-β1 from circulating source to pressure overload-induced myocardial remodeling, as reflected by LV transcriptional changes of genes linked to myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, and by changes in echocardiographic heart morphology and function.