In the mouse, thiazolidinedione treatment of acute colitis is accompanied by a marked increase in IL-10 expression [71], especially in mature dendritic cells and in activated CD4+ T cells; this increase depends on both dose and PPAR-γ [49] when the presence of a functional PPAR response element (PPRE) in the IL-10 promoter region has been demonstrated. This evidence concerns the gene PPARA and colitis.