Interestingly, when measuring lipogenic mRNA concentrations in carotid endarterectomy samples from diabetic and non-diabetic patients, we found that theses concentrations were decreased in macroscopically intact arterial tissue of diabetic patients and comparable in atheroma plaques of diabetic and non-diabetic patients, supporting also the presence of resistance to insulin of arterial lipogenesis in human diabetes. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.