In addition, it has been reported in a meta-analysis that cagA positive H. pylori strains that are more virulent than cagA negative strains, are associated with an increased risk of developing atherosclerotic diseases including both ischemic stroke and coronary heart disease [23] However, in the present study, cagA status was not determined, and thus it is unknown whether cagA positive strains are associated with the severity of the coronary atherosclerosis.As described above, there are some limitations in the present study. Here, S100A8 is linked to coronary atherosclerosis.