In order to more clearly characterize changes in CSF biomarkers in HIV infection related to CNS amyloid and tau metabolism that are salient features of Alzheimer's disease, we measured concentrations of two forms of soluble amyloid precursor protein, alpha and beta (sAPPα and sAPPβ), together with Aβ1-42, t-tau and p-tau in CSF of untreated HIV-infected (HIV+) subjects with and without ADC, along with HIV+ subjects suffering CNS opportunistic infections and HIV seronegative (HIV-) control groups that included Alzheimer's disease patients and both younger and older controls. The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.