These included the up-regulated genes ACPP, CXCL5, FGFBP1, FKBP11, KLK11, PTGDS, and TIMP1. CXCL5 was recently shown to be elevated in serum from patients with BPH and may potentially distinguish between BPH and prostate cancer among patients presenting with low serum PSA [43]. The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is prostate cancer.