These included the up-regulated genes ACPP, CXCL5, FGFBP1, FKBP11, KLK11, PTGDS, and TIMP1. CXCL5 was recently shown to be elevated in serum from patients with BPH and may potentially distinguish between BPH and prostate cancer among patients presenting with low serum PSA [43]. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL5 and prostate cancer.