Despite the fact that the quality of these studies varies greatly, genetic variation in an increasing number of genes (e.g., NRAMP1, HLA class II, VDR, MAL/TIRAP, DC-SIGN, MCP-1, TLR8) has been found to be associated with complex susceptibility to pulmonary TB (reviewed in [29],[30]). The gene discussed is TLR8; the disease is pulmonary tuberculosis.