HOXA9 and neoplasm: These include numerous genes known to affect tumorigenesis e.g. by influencing cell proliferation (e.g. CCNA1), signal transduction (e.g. JAK3, IGF1, FGF3, FGFR2, EGF, EGFR), differentiation (e.g. SOX1, SOX17, SOX2, MYOD1, PAX6, HOXA9, HOXB13, ETS2) or spread of tumor cells within the brain (e.g. MMP19, MMP2, MMP7) [23-26].