These include numerous genes known to affect tumorigenesis e.g. by influencing cell proliferation (e.g. CCNA1), signal transduction (e.g. JAK3, IGF1, FGF3, FGFR2, EGF, EGFR), differentiation (e.g. SOX1, SOX17, SOX2, MYOD1, PAX6, HOXA9, HOXB13, ETS2) or spread of tumor cells within the brain (e.g. MMP19, MMP2, MMP7) [23-26]. This evidence concerns the gene HOXB13 and neoplasm.