Although MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-17A and IFN-γ as well as joint inflammation were suppressed in the early phase of arthritis in IL-23p19KO compared to WT mice, these data indicate that the early joint inflammatory responses in this non-autoimmune T cell mediated arthritis-model is at least partly IL-23 independent. The gene discussed is CCL2; the disease is Arthritis.