VHL and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma: In hypoxic conditions, or when the VHL gene is defectuous as it is the case in 60% of CRCC, HIFs-α are stabilized allowing the expression of a large panel of target genes involved in growth, motility, metabolism and angiogenesis such as vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF), tumor growth factors (TGFs), parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), glucose transporters and transferrin [1,7], all shown to contribute to CRCC tumorigenesis.