Among the 12 cytokines quantified, a coupled 2-way clustering and discriminant analyses allowed identification of a cluster cluster-II cytokines (IL1β, IL10, TNFα and TGFβ) that displays significantly increased (p<10−6) activity in the CM group compared to other groups, and which can be used to differentiate between different clinical forms of malaria and control groups [32]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and malaria.