We examined this further and sought to determine expression patterns of both ACVR2, ACVR1 as well as its downstream effector, pSMAD2, in 51 different primary colon cancer specimens with microsatellite stable genomic backgrounds obtained from the same cohort of the North Carolina Colon Cancer Study (NCCCS) [15], [16]. Here, ACVR1 is linked to malignant colon neoplasm.