Notably in these analyses (Tables 1 and 2), expression of a number of genes associated with lymphangiogenesis (e.g. CADM1, TBK-1, GJA4, CD36, ANGPTL4, ICAM-2, MMP-1, CASK, TGFBI, VIP, CTGF, OLFML3, SORBS2, GJA1, MARCKS) were found to be altered by MfAg compared with the unstimulated control; many of these (based on pathway analysis) were associated with network functions of cellular development, cellular assembly and organization, hematologic system development and function, and cancer/tumor morphology. This evidence concerns the gene TBK1 and cancer.