Analyses of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1989–1994 (NHANES III) disclosed that serum 25(OH)D was inversely associated with diabetes risk and measures of insulin resistance despite there is no association between 25(OH)D concentrations and the homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β, an index of β-cell function derived from fasting insulin and glucose concentrations) [5]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Insulin resistance.