As IL-6 is correlated with both Gleason grade of the individual cores (Table 2c) and distant metastasis in our patient cohort, regardless of the Gleason score of the tumours (Figure 6D and E), IL-6 might be one factor that could explain the partial rescue of the Id-1-induced phenotypes by recombinant TNF-β. The gene discussed is ID1; the disease is neoplasm.