Risk factors found to be associated with time to first Grade 3/4 ALT and/or AST elevations while controlling for other factors in the model (see Table 3) included TPV/r treatment (HR: 2.8; p < 0.05), HBV/HCV co-infection (HR: 2.0; p < 0.05), elevated (DAIDS Grade ≥2) ALT and/or AST at baseline (HR: 2.1; p < 0.10), and baseline CD4 >200 cells/mm3 (HR: 1.5; p < 0.10). The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is coinfection.