Thus, PG-11047 may be preferentially effective in cells with active TGF-β signaling, a phenotype that has been associated with aggressive cancer behavior including increased migration/metastasis [31] Reduced expression of WASL and increased expression of AMFR also have been reported in breast cancer tissue [32,33] and associated with cellular migration [33-35]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and breast cancer.