Some of the well known adhesins present among ExPEC strains are Type 1 fimbriae (fim), P fimbriae or the pilus associated with pyelonephritis (pap), curli fibres (csg), S fimbriae or the sialic acid-specific fimbriae (sfa), F1C fimbriae (foc), Dr fimbriae (dra), afimbrial adhesins (afa), temperature-sensitive haemagglutinin (tsh) and novel adhesin gene clusters many of which remain to be characterized [5-7]. The gene discussed is REG3A; the disease is pyelonephritis.