To distinguish between these two hypotheses, we investigated the intestinal mucosal gene expression of AMPs in active IBD patients and the impact of anti-inflammatory therapy with infliximab (Remicade; Centocor, Inc., Malvern, PA, USA), a chimeric antibody against tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), on the mucosal gene expression of AMPs in IBD patients, using microarray technology. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and inflammatory bowel disease.