However certain pathways showed evidence for association with one disease; the pathways of NOD2 (P<10−4 to P<10−15), IL-23 and TNF (P<10−20), IL-12 and TGF-β (P<10−6), TLR2 signalling (P<10−5 to 10−9), classical MAPK (P<10−10) and B cell activation (P<10−8) with CD; TLR3 (P<10−4), T-cell activation via PLC and via NFAT (P<10−4) and ABC transporters (P<10−16) with T1D; TLR9 signalling via IRF5 (P<10−6) and purine metabolism (P<10−5) with RA (Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene IRF5 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.