TNF and pulmonary fibrosis: We also show a reduction in the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, and leukocyte chemoattractants CCL-2 and CCL-9 and finally, a reduction of α-sma in the fibrotic foci of the lungs from the mice treated with HSC-KGF, indicating a possible reduction of the pro-fibrotic effects of TGF-β1, a key factor in lung fibrosis.