Finally, even though our study and others suggest that BDNF is a preponderant compound in mediating post-ischemic neuronal plasticity processes, it is important to underline that other molecules besides BDNF such as IGF-1 [22], [24], GDNF [72], [73], thrombospondins [74] or erythropoietin [75], [76], which are also produced by microglial cells, have been reported to promote post-stroke plasticity events. The gene discussed is GDNF; the disease is Stroke.