VDR and type 1 diabetes mellitus: These data suggest that the interaction between VDR and HLA alleles is mediated by VDRE present in the promoter region of HLA-DRB1*0301 allele, which may be detrimental for the manifestation of T1D in the absence of 1,25-(OH)2D3 in early childhood due to poor expression of DRB1*0301 in the thymus resulting in autoimmunity.