IGF1R and cancer: Multiple lines of evidence implicate the IGF1R and its ligands in the development and progression of cancer.[78, 79] Firstly, the IGF1R plays a critical role in the establishment and maintenance of cell transformation as measured by the ability to grow in anchorage-independent conditions and to form tumors in mice.[80, 81] Secondly, the IGF1R is frequently overexpressed by human cancers, including cancers of the colon,[46, 82–84] myeloma,[85] melanoma,[86] ovary,[87] and prostate.[88] Thirdly, IGF1R activation or overexpression mediates many aspects of the malignant phenotype.