To answer this question, we examined the effect of microbial translocation on the immune system of Ikbkgfl/YVil-Cre mice, in which intestinal epithelial cell-specific deletion of NFκB essential modulator (NEMO, encoded by Ikbkg) leads to epithelial cell apoptosis, translocation of bacteria into the mucosa and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)-dependent intestinal inflammation and colitis [31]. The gene discussed is IKBKG; the disease is colitis.