Lineage-specific transcription factors have increasingly been demonstrated as important tools in the diagnostic workup of a range of tumor types including OCT4 and NANOG in peripheral and CNS germ cell tumors[28], [29], MYF4 in tumors with myogenic differentiation[60], OLIG2 in tumors with glial differentiation[61], TTF1 in thyroid tumors, BSAP (PAX5) in B-cell neoplasms[62], Brachyury in chordomas [63] and hemangioblastomas [64] and CDX2 in gastrointestinal tumors[65]. The gene discussed is PAX5; the disease is thyroid tumor.