S100B and schizophrenia: While these studies did not differentiate between increased S100B production and increased BBB permeability for S100B (when measured in serum), in a recent histological study Steiner et al. [49] analyzed the cell-density of S100B-immunopositive glia in different brain regions (including the anterior cingulate, dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPF), orbitofrontal, superior temporal cortex, and hippocampus) of 18 patients with schizophrenia (16 matched controls).