ICAM1 and endothelial dysfunction: Most cardiovascular risk factors are affected directly by an acute increase of glycemia: increase in LDL oxidation and endothelial dysfunction (vasoconstriction and decreased vasodilating response), increased production of collagen from the mesangial cell, activation of blood coagulation, increase in blood pressure, increase in the circulating levels of intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), increase in inflammation (production of plasma interleulin-6, interleukin-18 and tumor necrosis factor-α - TNF-α) and increase in oxidative stress [17], [18].