EPO and anemia: HIV infection may lead to anemia in many ways: changes in cytokine production with subsequent effects on hematopoiesis [5,6] decreased erythropoietin concentrations [7] opportunistic infectious agents, such as Mycobacterium avium complex [8] and parvovirus B- [9] administration of chemotherapeutic agents such as zidovudine, ganciclovir, [10] and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole [11] and myelophthisis caused by cancers such as lymphosarcoma.