Among grade III glioma patients (denoted by squares)(N = 10; n = 20; six patients were progressive from grade II and two were recurrent), the mean percentage of PBMCs displaying p-STAT-3 was 14.3 ± 9.4%, an elevation that was also statistically significant (P = 0.02) relative to healthy donor values. This evidence concerns the gene STAT3 and central nervous system cancer.