STAT3 and lung carcinoma: Additionally, we did not detect elevations of the mean percentage of PBMC displaying p-STAT-3 (7.6 + 2.9%)(data not shown) in patients with a variety of metastasis to the CNS (n = 6; including four lung carcinomas, one bladder and one parotid gland), indicating that general anesthesia is not a contributing factor in the percent of PBMCs displaying p-STAT-3.