STAT1 and neoplasm: Consistent with our observations are recent reports demonstrating that constitutive over-expression of STAT1 and STAT1-dependent genes is associated with protection of tumour cells from genotoxic stress following treatment with fludarabine [6], doxorubicin [7], cisplatin [8] and the combination of ionizing radiation (IR) and doxorubicin [9,10].