These observations received confirmation from studies showing that the human immune response to E. granulosus infection is predominantly regulated by Th2 cell activation (in vitro production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10 by PBMC isolated from patients with CE) and also by the Th1 (or Th0) cell subset (IFN-γ production) [50]. Here, IL4 is linked to cholesteryl ester measurement.