Our data showing decreased rates of HIV infection in MIP-1β producing CD4+ T cells and the data of others showing increased cytokine production in more polyfunctional antigen-specific CD4+ T cells [36] suggest that inducing polyfunctional CD4+ T cells which produce MIP-1α and MIP-1β could be important for both therapeutic and preventative HIV vaccines. Here, CD4 is linked to HIV infectious disease.